The South African National Editors’ Forum (Sanef) is deeply saddened by the passing of veteran journalist Mduduzi Dlamini on Friday, 15 November, at the age of 55.
Dlamini was a trailblazer in arts, culture, and fashion reporting, earning widespread respect for his passion and relentless pursuit of the truth. His colleagues fondly remember him as a dedicated journalist who embodied the ethos of the “3 AM school of journalism,” a nod to British reporters who worked tirelessly to secure exclusive stories before the day broke.
“Mduduzi approached his investigative pieces with unrelenting determination, much like a rottweiler with a bone. He would not rest until he uncovered the full truth,” recalls Mapula Nkosi, Managing Editor of *City Press*. She first encountered Dlamini years ago in the “City Press” newsroom, where his work ethic and enthusiasm stood out, especially during the rise of tabloid journalism.
Dlamini’s career spanned various publications, including Sunday World and City Press. He was also a frequent contributor to local radio stations, where he shared his insights on celebrity culture across music, television, and film. His colleagues admired his breadth of knowledge, which extended beyond the arts to encompass topics like history, literature, fashion, and even the economy.
“Reading Mduduzi’s reviews was like experiencing a perfect symphony,” says Nkosi. “His incredible knowledge and sharp mind were evident in every piece he wrote. He dedicated his entire life to journalism, often sleeping in the newsroom after chasing down sources. It was his second home.”
Despite his fiery personality and uncompromising honesty, which sometimes led to clashes with colleagues, Dlamini’s contributions to journalism were immense. Nkosi also recalls his many talents outside the newsroom, describing him as a self-taught photographer, a skilled cook, and an animal lover.
Sonia Motaung, a former colleague at City Press, admired Dlamini’s unmatched energy and tenacity. “He showed us how to be true journalists,” she says. “There was no social media to provide leads; we had to uncover stories ourselves. Mduduzi excelled at this. His passing is a tremendous loss, and he will be deeply missed.”
Tim Molobi, City Press news editor describes Dlamini as “humble, hardworking and reliable”. “That was Mduduzi during his time at City Press. He brought life to our celebrity pages with his courageous, well researched and thought-provoking stories. Journalism is poorer without him.”
Sanef extends its heartfelt condolences to Dlamini’s family, friends, and colleagues during this difficult time. His unwavering dedication to journalism leaves an enduring legacy that will continue to inspire generations of reporters.
Note to Editors:
The South African National Editors’ Forum (Sanef) is a non-profit organisation whose members are editors, senior journalists, and journalism trainers from all areas of South African media. We are committed to championing South Africa’s hard-won freedom of expression and promoting quality, ethics, and diversity in the South African media. We promote excellence in journalism by fighting for media freedom, writing policy submissions, research, and education and training programmes. Sanef is not a union.
Veteran journalist, editor, radio talk-show host, and commentator on African affairs, Jean-Jacques CornishThe South African National Editors’ Forum (SANEF) mourns the passing of veteran journalist, editor, radio talk-show host, and commentator on African affairs, Jean-Jacques (JJ) Cornish.
Cornish, who passed away last week, leaves behind an extraordinary legacy. His illustrious career began as the London Bureau Chief of the South African Press Association (SAPA) and included roles as a special correspondent to the United Nations at just 25 years old. He also edited and managed several newspapers and served as the Africa correspondent for Radio 702, for over a decade. In 2003, he transitioned to presenting ‘The Africa Report’ on 702, where his commentary and insights on the continent enriched South Africa’s public discourse.
Acting government spokesperson Nomonde Mnukwa described Cornish’s death as “a significant loss” to journalism and the African narrative he worked passionately to elevate.
“The government extends heartfelt condolences to the family, friends, and colleagues of Jean-Jacques Cornish, who dedicated his life to journalistic excellence, both locally and internationally. As a former London Bureau Chief of SAPA, JJ ensured South African stories were told on a global platform. His nuanced commentary on African affairs helped shape a deeper understanding of the continent’s complexities and opportunities,” said Mnukwa.
Cornish’s impact was felt deeply by his colleagues in the media. Ray White, a former colleague at 702, remembered Cornish as a quick-witted storyteller and an all-round journalist.
“JJ was my morning connection to news from the continent. His quick wit and masterful storytelling were highlights of my drive to work. I first became aware of him during my time at the SABC when I would listen to 702 for updates. Later, when I joined Eyewitness News (EWN), I had the privilege of working with this legend. I still miss those phone calls—always filled with laughter and professionalism. I hope we will continue those conversations one day, beyond the clouds,” said White.
John Robbie, a former morning talk-show host at 702, paid tribute to Cornish while marvelling at his intelligence, principles, and humour.
“JJ was a remarkable journalist with a unique gift for making news—whether complex or simple—engaging and compelling, without exaggeration or hyperbole. He loved Africa and South Africa deeply, along with all its people. He was an absolute professional. I loved him to bits,” said Robbie.
Robbie also reflected on a difficult period when management at 702 decided to replace Cornish on ‘The Africa Report’.
“It was handled very clumsily. I was against the move and was instructed not to discuss it until the announcement. I promised JJ we would share a beer someday, and I would tell him the full story. Now, that day will never come,” Robbie lamented.
SANEF Council member Amina Frense-Kasrils described Cornish as a wonderful role model with sound insights on numerous subjects.
Veteran editor Peter Fabricius said JJ was an institution in SA journalism and the doyen of South African diplomatic correspondents.
“He had been reporting SA’s foreign relations since the 1970s and could later regale his audiences with amusing ales of the exploits of foreign minister Pik Botha berating apartheid SA’s enemies at the United Nations, etc. He later covered the sometimes-unexpected foreign relations of the new ANC government for Independent Newspapers during the 1990s, including President Mandela’s reluctance to break diplomatic ties with Taiwan in favour of China, as well as summits of the Commonwealth, Non-Aligned Movement and the like as the new SA emerged from its long isolation and opened up to the world.”
“From the turn of the century JJ moved into radio journalism and with his wit and gift of the gab, he was ideal for that medium. And with his charm and eloquence he could easily have been an ambassador himself. But beneath the charm, lay a deep knowledge of empathy with Africa, strong principles, and a sympathy for the underdog. On a few occasions, for example, he clashed publicly with Moroccan diplomats because of his strong advocacy of the cause of Western Saharan independence,” Fabricius said.
SANEF sends its condolences to JJ’s family and wide circle of proud colleagues and friends. His legacy as a trailblazing journalist, storyteller, and advocate for African affairs will continue to inspire generations to come.
Note to Editors:
The South African National Editors’ Forum (SANEF) is a non-profit organisation whose members are editors, senior journalists, and journalism trainers from all areas of South African media. We are committed to championing South Africa’s hard-won freedom of expression and promoting quality, ethics, and diversity in the South African media. We promote excellence in journalism by fighting for media freedom, writing policy submissions, research, and education and training programmes. SANEF is not a union.
Public Protector advocate Kholeka Gcaleka flanked by Sanef chairperson Nwabisa Makunga, deputy chair Tshamano Makhadi. Back row: Reggy Moalusi, Glenda Daniels, Sbun Ngalwa, Hopewell Radebe
The South African National Editors’ Forum (Sanef) congratulates its chairperson Nwabisa Makunga on her recent appointment as the Managing Director for News and Media at Arena Holdings.
Sanef believes that Nwabisa’s promotion bodes well for the future of the media in this country. Not only is Nwabisa an advocate for media freedom, but she is also a champion for the sustainability of the media in South Africa.
As a result of her new role, Nwabisa will relinquish her chairpersonship of Sanef to focus on her new role. While Sanef is sad to see Nwabisa go, but the organisation is comforted by the knowledge that Nwabisa will continue to be an ally – advancing the course of media sustainability and media freedom within the top management at Arena.
Makunga previous served as Sanef’s treasurer-general and deputy chairperson, demonstrating her unwavering dedication and exceptional leadership. She will officially handover to a new chairperson, who will be elected at the Sanef Council meeting in Cape Town, in February 2025
At the time of her promotion, Nwabisa – working with Sanef’s Managing Committee (Mancom) – was leading Sanef’s efforts to futureproof the news media and ensure that it survives the unpredictable and challenging times that we are facing as an industry. This work will continue under the direction of the Mancom.
Reflecting on her resignation, Makunga said: “I am stepping down as the chairperson, it is the right thing to do considering the scope and nature of my new responsibility. I continue to support the work of Sanef and believe the organisation has capable leaders to take the baton and continue the work to deliver its mandate. While I look forward to the new adventure at Arena Holdings, it is bittersweet to leave Sanef, especially at a time when we are on the cusp of launching the Journalism Sustainability Fund, a pioneering project I have been privileged to lead.”
At its meeting held on Saturday, 16 November 2024, the SANEF Council congratulated and wished Nwabisa well in her new role.
The same Council meeting was earlier addressed by Public Protector advocate Kholeka Gcaleka who unpacked the work done by her office in the past year and als0 highlighted the challenges facing her office.
Gcaleka reiterated her commitment to accountability and transparency as vital for restoring public trust in governance. She noted the media’s role in raising public awareness and mentioned ongoing digitisation efforts in her office that are aimed at improving efficiency and reducing case backlogs.
She provided updates on various investigations, including the case of a primary school regarding water quality issues in the Eastern Cape, while also addressing gender-based violence and food contamination in schools.
She reported a 90% delivery rate for the Public Protector’s office and plans to launch a self-service portal for tracking complaints. She advocated for legislative clarity regarding the distinction between the public protector as an individual and as an institution, and she emphasised the need for emotional well-being among team members.
She also called for reforms to the Promotion of Access to Information Act to enhance transparency and accessibility, particularly for non-English speakers, and expressed gratitude for the support received from various organisations including Sanef.
Arrest, intimidation of journalists in Mozambique.
The council reflected on issues of media freedom following the Mozambican authorities’ detention of two journalists who were covering the unrests in that country.
The council strongly condemns the Mozambican authorities for the intimidation, harassment, and unjust detention of journalists, including South African reporters Bongani Siziba and Sbonelo Mkhasibe from News Central TV, along with Mozambican journalist Charles Mangwiro. Their arbitrary arrest while reporting on anti-government protests in Maputo is a flagrant violation of international protocols protecting press freedom.
Journalists play a vital role in promoting accountability and transparency. Mozambique, as a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and a signatory to the African Union’s freedom of the media protocols, has a duty to uphold these values. The detention of these journalists, compounded by reports of their mistreatment, including being blindfolded during their arrest, is a grave affront to media freedom and human rights.
While Sanef acknowledges the eventual release of Siziba and Mkhasibe, we remain deeply concerned about the pattern of escalating attacks on journalists in Mozambique. The assault on Rádio e Televisão Encontro journalists César Rafael and Valdemiro Amisse in Nampula, and the expulsion of two Portuguese journalists earlier this month under dubious pretenses, highlight a worrying trend. Such actions undermine the fundamental freedoms enshrined in the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the UN’s principles on the protection of journalists.
We are further alarmed by the ongoing digital repression in Mozambique, including social media and mobile internet shutdowns. These measures not only restrict press freedom but also disrupt the operations of online publications across the SADC region, stifling the flow of information vital for informed public discourse.
Sanef echoes the demands of the Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) for a full and transparent explanation of the journalists’ detention and immediate accountability from Mozambican authorities. Journalism is not a crime, and the work of journalists must not be hindered through intimidation or violence.
We urge Mozambique to reaffirm its commitment to protecting press freedom, ensuring the safety of journalists, and halting its regressive trajectory. Sanef calls on SADC member states, the African Union, and international bodies to hold Mozambique accountable and to advocate for the protection of journalists and the safeguarding of freedom of expression across the region.
On the plight of freelance journalism in the country.
Despite the profound transformations in media labour, Sanef noted that there is limited research on the state and working conditions of freelance journalists. In response, Sanef collaborated with the Henry Nxumalo Foundation (HNF) and commissioned a study to better understand the current state of freelance journalism in South Africa.
The Council received a research report on the plight of freelance journalism. The report outlined the challenges and opportunities of freelance journalism in the country, stating that freelance journalism has become increasingly prominent in the media industry, especially in South Africa. This trend has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which normalised remote work. However, long before the pandemic, freelance journalism was already being driven by a media crisis marked by declining revenue, reduced advertising income, and significant job losses. It noted that this crisis forced many skilled journalists and media professionals into freelancing.
The report stated that their working conditions were difficult, and compensation was appalling and inadequate. With many journalists entering the freelance space, the freelance market was also becoming highly competitive while freelance journalists juggled multiple jobs, doing self-promotion, administrative work, and budget planning on top of their primary work of being a journalist.
It also found that many freelancers feel that media houses do not adequately address their needs, such as timely payments, compensation for extra expenses, and inclusion in journalism events and newsroom meetings. This lack of professional attention has led to apathy among freelancers, negatively affecting overall professionalism.
Sanef has undertaken to establish guidelines for newsrooms regarding professional relations with freelancers. It undertook to work with freelancers’ organisations to improve their plight. Furthermore, related matters raised by the research report will be subject for discussion at the next council meeting in February.
Media and Digital Platforms Market Inquiry
The council also deliberated on the Media and Digital Platforms Market Inquiry and noted that the Competition Commission has delayed the release of its provisional market inquiry report on Media and Digital Platforms to 29 November.
Sanef is monitoring the situation and hoping the report will give a strong indication of how the Commission views the alleged anti-competitive conduct of digital platforms, including AI, and the financial impact this conduct has had on the news media and journalism. Sanef will continue to work with partner organisation to highlight the adverse and anti-competitive impact brought about by the high-tech industries and to propose alternative solutions to deal with the impact and the conditions of market failure.
Note to Editors:
The South African National Editors’ Forum (Sanef) is a non-profit organisation whose members are editors, senior journalists, and journalism trainers from all areas of South African media. We are committed to championing South Africa’s hard-won freedom of expression and promoting quality, ethics, and diversity in the South African media. We promote excellence in journalism by fighting for media freedom, writing policy submissions, research, and education and training programmes. Sanef is not a union.
The second Indigenous Languages Seminar, held on August 7, 2024, has marked a crucial reflection on South Africa’s 30 years of democracy and its progress in fostering linguistic diversity, with special emphasis on marginalised indigenous languages.
It was a pivotal event aimed at addressing the pressing issues surrounding the preservation and promotion of South Africa’s indigenous languages within the media landscape.
Organised by the South African National Editors’ Forum (SANEF) in collaboration with key partners, including the Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB) and the United Nations South Africa, the seminar brought together media professionals, academics, and language experts.
With participants including government representatives, media veterans, educators, and young entrepreneurs, the seminar underscored the media’s vital role in promoting indigenous languages and ensuring access to information in mother tongues. It also provided a platform for stakeholders to evaluate the effectiveness of existing initiatives and propose solutions to the challenges faced by indigenous language media in the country.
The seminar sessions featured discussions on the media’s contribution to language preservation, the challenges posed by commercial pressures, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in language development, and the need for greater collaboration between mainstream and community media. With an eye on fostering an inclusive and equitable society, the event emphasised the need for innovative approaches to support indigenous languages in the digital age.
You can download speeches and presentations below:
The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), estimates that 43% of the world’s approximately 6,000 languages are in danger of extinction. We need to take immediate action to preserve and promote indigenous languages. I am delighted to note that the United Nations remains a leading voice in this fight.
The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which the UN adopted in 2007, acknowledges the rights of indigenous peoples to their languages, traditions, and education. The declaration addresses the right to preserve, utilise, develop, and transmit languages to future generations.
Additionally, the UN has designated specific years and decades as priority areas for indigenous languages. The International Year of Indigenous Languages of 2019 was the most significant. It addressed the dire state of indigenous languages and aimed to motivate immediate action to preserve, revitalise, and promote them. The UN has reaffirmed its dedication to this cause by establishing the International Decade of Indigenous Languages from 2022 to 2032.
When it comes to preserving languages from extinction, UNESCO is in the vanguard.
The UN initiatives have greatly influenced and inspired numerous countries and global movements to preserve indigenous languages and for governments to enact laws and policies that safeguard indigenous languages. Among others, these include the US, Canada, and New Zealand. Here in South Africa, the Protection, Promotion, Development and Management of Indigenous Knowledge Act of 2019 acknowledges indigenous laws and knowledge.
One crucial area where our efforts are most clearly seen is education. Several countries have instituted culturally relevant curricula, bilingual education programmes, and schools that immerse students in indigenous languages. These programmes positively impact the cultural pride, academic achievement, and language preservation of indigenous children.
The UN work has also led to growth of community-driven initiatives as these typically achieve the most significant and long-lasting outcomes. To guarantee the survival of their languages, indigenous communities are developing digital resources, including language applications and online dictionaries.
The UN consistently advocate for the collaboration and sharing of successful strategies among indigenous groups and countries worldwide. We convene numerous conferences, seminars, and cultural exchanges to facilitate the exchange of ideas, information, and innovative solutions.
The contemporary digital era presents unparalleled opportunities to preserve languages. Through mobile applications, social media, and digital platforms, language acquisition can be accessible to a broad audience. However, indigenous groups should be involved in the design and governance of these technologies in order to maintain cultural integrity.
Revitalising a language necessitates a continuous commitment and focus. Achieving long-term change requires more than just finance or programmes with a short timeline. Although the UN’s programmes have been inspiring for the past decade, their success is contingent upon the continued investment of time and resources by all parties involved.
While the UN has played a crucial role in bringing attention to the issue of indigenous languages, we still have a long way to go. The lessons learnt underscore the significance of respect, comprehensive approaches, policy support, technical advancement, and dedication in the long term. Moving ahead, we must stay committed to preserving indigenous languages and the cultural richness they embody by leveraging these lessons and working together.
The South African National Editors’ Forum (SANEF) on Monday made an impassioned submission at the Media and Digital Platforms Market Inquiry (MDPMI), initiated by the Competition Commission of South Africa (Commission), as the three-week inquiry kicked off in Pretoria on Monday 4 March 2024.
SANEF, represented by chairperson Sbu Ngalwa, founding member Guy Berger, and legal representative, Michael Power, asked the Commission to strongly consider getting Big Tech to look at fair compensation for using South African media content.
The presentations were also made by Chris Mcinga and Izak Minnaar, largely speaking on behalf of community media and the Press Council of SA. The Commission told SANEF that “X” (formerly Twitter) has declined to appear before the commission. This is an unfortunate development and a missed opportunity as pointed out by Glenda Daniels, secretary-general of SANEF, that misogyny, bullying, and harassment of women journalists was widespread on the platform. At the same time X has been unresponsive to calls to take down malicious content targeted at women journalists – including threats of rape, doxing and trolling.
SANEF’s submission covered the following points:
The provision of access to credible news as a public good should be considered as a human rights issue, not only as a matter of commercial competition
Fair compensation for news in the public interest used on platforms should be based on the value that platforms derive from this content
Credible news (i.e. subscribing to an independent self-regulatory body and an ethical code) should be prioritised by platforms. It is an antidote for mis- and disinformation
Transparency of algorithms and sharing of data related to news content and related advertising on platforms should be promoted, as well as access to data that publishers can use to promote and monetise their content
The South African National Editors’ Forum (SANEF) is a non-profit organisation whose members are editors, senior journalists, and journalism trainers from all areas of South African media. We are committed to championing South Africa’s hard-won freedom of expression and promoting quality, ethics, and diversity in the South African media. We promote excellence in journalism through fighting for media freedom, writing policy submissions, research, and education and training programmes. SANEF is not a union.
The South African National Editors’ Forum (SANEF) hereby invites event management companies and individuals to bid to manage the Standard Bank Sikuvile Journalism Awards processes up to the awards gala event on Saturday 24 June 2023. This would be SANEF’s second year of managing the awards since they were established in 2012.
SUBMISSION DEADLINE: close of business, Friday 17 March 2023
SANEF is the most influential media freedom advocacy grouping in South Africa. Our members are veteran founding editors, current title editors, senior editors and journalists working in print, broadcasting, and digital mainstream at national, regional and community media levels. It also serves media trainers and academics from major journalism departments and training institutions across the country.
SANEF’s vision is to promote quality and ethical journalism across all media platforms, while reflecting SA’s diversity, and to champion freedom of expression. The awards are planned to be the national flagship of ethical and credible journalism awards across the media platforms which is Print, Digital, Radio and TV.
The awards see the best of the best across various journalistic platforms being benchmarked against their peers by a panel of top quality and highly reputable and credible judges.
Over the years, the Standard Bank Sikuvile Awards have become one of the key highlights in journalism awards that encourages and recognises excellent journalistic work in the country.
Previously called the Mondi Shanduka Newspaper Awards (MSNA), in recent years the awards have become known as the Standard Bank Sikuvile Journalism Awards. The awards sponsor Standard Bank has contracted SANEF to oversee the organisation of the awards.
The Awards event will be attended by SANEF leadership and members, Standard Bank’s executives, senior journalists, editors, publishers, executives from the advertising, PR/marketing, and media agencies as well as clients and service providers to the entire news media industry.
Awards and Event Management Services
SANEF is seeking bidders to help it proudly bring the awards by:
Managing the process and deliver within strict timelines a fair and transparent awards process from the invitation for applications across various categories in April to the closing date, the commencement of judging and completion, sourcing of trophies and certificates to the organising and staging of the gala dinner.
It also involves the innovative processes of the conceptualisation of a theme, the promotion of the theme and the awards throughout the planned phases to the broader media fraternity without prejudice to any media platform.
Bidder must demonstrate capability to use social media and access media platforms for the promotion of the awards process throughout the phases.
Running a judging secretariat ensuring all the entries are sorted, recorded, doing qualification checks, and checking that information is complete. They should arrange packages for the judges to access information easily and quickly.
Work closely with the SANEF office in ensuring the judging process is resourced, efficient and smoothly run.
Facilitate the communication with shortlisted candidates.
Source trophies and certificates.
Plan to reach a wide audience using short video clips, snippets of nominees, finalists, and winners.
Awards Event Management
The proposal must carefully outline how the company/individual would creatively approach the Sikuvile Journalism Award Gala dinner event.
The event concept/theme should reflect highlights of SANEF activities and priorities for the year, i.e.: media freedom, journalism sustainability, journalism wellness and safety, training of journalists, etc, as reflected on the Sanef website
Present proposed venues, menus, entertainment and decorations.
Tender documents
The tender documentation must contain the following and bidders will be scored accordingly:
Name of bidder and contact details.
Company registration details, company profile and diversity information.
Information on the bidder’s experience in running awards related events – please provide examples and information of journalism or other media related awards processes and events organised in the recent past, including contact details for reference purposes.
Names and ID numbers of project team leaders, and their relevant experience in running such events.
The bidder must outline how they would approach the project by providing concrete proposals on the following:
Managing the judging process, including the processes and systems for applications and judging to facilitate a fair and transparent adjudication, supporting the judging process, facilitating compensation of the judges and related assistance.
Staging the awards ceremony, including the awards production, proposed theme, entertainment and decorations.
Publicity, marketing and communications plan to popularise and stimulate interest in entering the awards and the awards event.
Proposed venues and menus appropriate for the stature of the event.
An itemised budget covering all the activities listed in the proposal.
Shortlisted bidders will be asked to compile a slide deck for presentation to the SANEF Management team.
Date for submission: close of business, Friday 17 March 2023
Submit your tender(s) to SANEF Administrator Ms Dzudzie Netshisaulu email: [email protected].
Please note the decision of the SANEF Management Committee is final and no correspondence will be entered into with unsuccessful bidders.
The South African National Editors’ Forum (SANEF) and community media mourn the death of veteran editor, Wikus Lee (64) of the Limpopo Mirror. Lee died after a long battle with a heart problem on Wednesday last week.
He was a seasoned journalist who mentored and interacted with various generations of young local reporters in the province. As editor of the Mirror he provided guidance and training to dozens of journalists. He was highly respected for his editorial knowledge and work ethic.
Anton van Zyl, owner and manager of the Limpopo Mirror, said it was almost impossible to think of the newspaper business in the region without Wikus’s wisdom and input.
“For more than 30 years he has been a colleague and a friend. For him, the newspaper was not simply a job, it was part of what made him what he was. His work was his passion and the Mirror newspaper was his pride. He was someone with an incredible general knowledge,” said Van Zyl.
Lee is survived by his wife and three sons.
SANEF sends heart-felt condolences to Lee’s family, friends and colleagues.
Note to Editors: The South African National Editors’ Forum (SANEF) is a non-profit organisation whose members are editors, senior journalists and journalism trainers from all areas of the South African media. We are committed to championing South Africa’s hard-won freedom of expression and promoting quality, ethics and diversity in the South African media. We promote excellence in journalism through fighting for media freedom, writing policy submissions, research and education and training programmes. SANEF is not a union.
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